《植物生理学报》 2015, 51(10): 1658-1668
通信作者：杨建昌；E-mail: jcyang@yzu.edu.cn；Tel: 0514-87979317
摘 要：
将籼稻品种‘黄华占’ (耐热耐旱型)和‘双桂1号’ (高温干旱敏感型)种植于盆钵, 于减数分裂期(抽穗前2~15 d)设置高温(日最高温度为37.5 ℃)、干旱[土壤水势保持在(−30±10) kPa]及高温+干旱3种处理, 以同期自然温度和正常供水为对照, 观察受精率、结实率、叶片光合速率和抗氧化保护酶活性、根系活力、花粉粒蔗糖-淀粉代谢途径关键酶活性等农艺和生理性状。结果表明, 减数分裂期高温、干旱和高温+干旱处理均降低了两品种的受精率、结实率和产量, 耐热耐旱型品种降低的幅度显著小于高温干旱敏感型品种。与高温干旱敏感型品种相比, 在高温、干旱及高温+干旱条件下, 耐热耐旱型品种具有较高的叶片光合速率和抗氧化保护酶活性, 以及较高的根系氧化力和花粉粒蔗糖-淀粉代谢途径关键酶活性及其基因表达量。这些生理性状特别是花粉育性和花粉中蔗糖-淀粉代谢途径关键酶活性及其基因表达量可作为选择耐热耐旱型水稻品种的指标。关键词：水稻; 高温; 干旱; 受精率; 结实率; 生理性状
收稿：2015-07-14 修定：2015-09-11
资助：国家自然科学基金(31271641、31471438、31461143105和31171481)、江苏高校优势学科建设工程专项(PAPD-2014)、天津市应用基础与前沿技术研究计划(青年项目15JCQNJC14800)、天津市农业科学院院长基金项目(14003和13009)、国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203031-2)和江苏省科技支撑计划项目(BE2014411)。
Corresponding author: YANG Jian-Chang; E-mail: jcyang@yzu.edu.cn; Tel: 0514-87979317
Abstract:
We investigated this issue using two indica rice cultivars, ‘Huanghuazhan’ showing heat and drought tolerances and ‘Shuanggui 1’ showing heat and drought sensitivities. Both cultivars were grown in pots, three treatments—high temperature (maximum temperature at 37.5 ℃ during the day), soil drought [soil water potential at (−30±10) kPa] and high temperature plus soil drought were imposed during meiosis (2–15 d before heading), and the natural temperature plus well-watered treatment was taken as the control. Agronomic and physiological traits such as pollen fertility rate, filled-grain percentage, leaf photosynthesis, antioxidative systems, root activity, and activities of the enzymes involved in sucrose-to-starch conversion in pollens were determined. The results showed that the treatments of high temperature, soil drought and high temperature plus soil drought during meiosis significantly made pollen fertility rate, fertilization rate, filled-grain percentage and grain yield of both cultivars reduced. The reduction was much smaller for the heat- and drought-tolerant cultivars than the heat- and drought-sensitive cultivar. Compared with the heat- and drought-sensitive cultivar, the heat- and drought-tolerant cultivars exhibited a higher photosynthetic rate, stronger antioxidative systems of leaves, higher root oxidation activity and higher activities of gene expressions of the key enzymes involved in sucrose-tostarch metabolic pathway under high temperature, soil drought and high temperature plus soil drought during meiosis in pollens. The results suggest that these physiological traits, especially pollen fertility and activities and gene expressions of the key enzymes involved in sucrose-to-starch metabolic pathway in pollens, could be used as selection indices for heat- and drought-tolerant rice cultivars.Key words: rice (Oryza sativa); high temperature; drought; fertilization rate; seed-setting rate; physiological trait
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